Geology

Michael E. Oskin, Ph.D., Chairperson of the Department

David A. Osleger, Ph.D., Vice-Chairperson, Undergraduate Program

Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, Ph.D., Vice-Chairperson, Graduate Program

Department Office. 2119 Earth and Physical Sciences Building: 530-752-0350; http://www.geology.ucdavis.edu

Faculty: http://geology.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/index.php

(College of Letters and Science)

Michael E. Oskin, Ph.D., Chairperson of the Department

David A. Osleger, Ph.D., Vice-Chairperson, Undergraduate Program

Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, Ph.D., Vice-Chairperson, Graduate Program

Department Office. 2119 Earth and Physical Sciences Building: 530-752-0350; http://www.geology.ucdavis.edu

Faculty: http://geology.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/index.php

“Civilization exists by geological consent—subject to change without notice.”—Will Durant

Geology is the study of the Earth, and in particular its history, structure, and the processes that have molded our planet and its biosphere. Geology involves the origin of continents and ocean basins, earthquakes and volcanoes, variations in global climate, and how these physical changes impact the evolution of life. All of these planetary processes are viewed through the prism of “deep time,” a perspective unique to geologists and one that distinguishes geology from most of the other physical sciences.

A significant component of geology is oriented toward the interaction between humans and the Earth. This aspect includes the study of resources such as minerals, oil, and water; identification and mitigation of Earth hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, and volcanic eruptions; identification and mitigation of polluted ground water; land use planning; and the study of ancient and modern climate change.

The Program. Students interested in becoming professional geologists or continuing their geological studies at the graduate level should choose the Bachelor of Science degree program. The Bachelor of Arts program is for students interested in an interdisciplinary program of study, or who plan to go into pre-college teaching. Both programs allow students to emphasize an aspect of the field of particular interest to them. The upper division electives are not restricted to geology courses but must be chosen to provide a relevant, coherent, and in-depth program of study. Transfer students should have completed as much as possible of the preparatory subject matter listed below.

Internships and Career Alternatives. In recent years in California, the largest employers of geologists have been environmental and geotechnical consulting firms, with oil companies, research laboratories and government agencies also providing opportunities. Students graduating with a Bachelor's degree may get entry-level positions in the private sector or they may go on to attain their teaching credential to fill the growing need for science teachers at all pre-college levels. A Master's degree is the most versatile professional level degree, and a Ph.D. is generally required for research and academic positions. Internships are strongly encouraged for undergraduates and are a means of exploring potential career opportunities that can lead to positions after graduation. UC Davis students have interned at the California Division of Mines and Geology, the State Department of Water Resources, CAL-EPA, and various consulting firms. For more information, see http://geology.ucdavis.edu/students/careers/index.php.

Education Abroad Options. The department strongly encourages interested students to pursue a portion of their studies abroad. Within the constraints of the campus and College residence requirements, it is possible for students to complete significant portions of the Geology major at an international institution provided that the student consults with one of the undergraduate advisors and carefully plans a course of study abroad that will complement their coursework at Davis. In recent years, UC Davis Geology majors have spent their junior or senior years completing upper division coursework at EAP partner institutions in New Zealand, Ghana, Chile, and the United Kingdom. For more information, see http://geology.ucdavis.edu/students/undergrad/eap.php.

Major Advisors. J.M. McClain, R. Motani

Preparatory Subject Matter

Units: 41-43

GEL 003

History of Life (Active)

GEL 003L

History of Life Laboratory (Active)

GEL 050

Physical Geology (Active)

GEL 050L

Physical Geology Laboratory (Active)

GEL 060

Earth Materials: Introduction (Active)

MAT 016A

Short Calculus (Active)

MAT 016B

Short Calculus (Active)

MAT 021A

Calculus (Active)

MAT 021B

Calculus (Active)

CHE 002A

General Chemistry (Active)

CHE 002B

General Chemistry (Active)

PHY 007A

General Physics (Active)

PHY 007B

General Physics (Active)

Choose one:

STA 013

Elementary Statistics (Active)

STA 032

Gateway to Statistical Data Science (Active)

STA 100

Applied Statistics for Biological Sciences (Active)

Depth Subject Matter

Units: 36

GEL 101

Structural Geology (Active)

GEL 101L

Structural Geology Lab (Active)

GEL 103

Field Geology (Active)

GEL 107

Earth History: Paleobiology (Active)

GEL 107L

Earth History: Paleobiology Laboratory (Active)

GEL 108

Earth History: Paleoclimates (Active)

GEL 109

Earth History: Sediments and Strata (Active)

GEL 109L

Earth History: Sediments and Strata Laboratory (Active)

Choose additional upper division electives.

GEL 130-194 courses (only one of GEL/EDU 181 or GEL/EDU 183 or 185A or 185B or 186 may be applied toward elective credit).

0-16

No more than three units upper division elective credit for GEL 115-120 courses.

0-3

Maximum of six units upper division elective credit for GEL 192 or 194A-194B or 194HA-194HB.

0-6

Total: 77-79

(College of Letters and Science)

Michael E. Oskin, Ph.D., Chairperson of the Department

David A. Osleger, Ph.D., Vice-Chairperson, Undergraduate Program

Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, Ph.D., Vice-Chairperson, Graduate Program

Department Office. 2119 Earth and Physical Sciences Building: 530-752-0350; http://www.geology.ucdavis.edu

Faculty: http://geology.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/index.php

“Civilization exists by geological consent—subject to change without notice.”—Will Durant

Major Advisors. J.M. McClain, R. Motani

Preparatory Subject Matter

Units: 56-62

GEL 003

History of Life (Active)

GEL 003L

History of Life Laboratory (Active)

GEL 050

Physical Geology (Active)

GEL 050L

Physical Geology Laboratory (Active)

GEL 060

Earth Materials: Introduction (Active)

GEL 062

Optical Mineralogy (Active)

MAT 021A

Calculus (Active)

MAT 021B

Calculus (Active)

MAT 021C

Calculus (Active)

CHE 002A

General Chemistry (Active)

CHE 002B

General Chemistry (Active)

Choose one of these three options:

General Geology Option:

19-25

Choose one:

3-6

CHE 002C

General Chemistry (Active)

GEL 132

Introductory Inorganic Geochemistry (Active)

HYD 134

Aqueous Geochemistry (Active)

STA 032

Gateway to Statistical Data Science (Active)

STA 100

Applied Statistics for Biological Sciences (Active)

PHY 007A

General Physics (Active)

PHY 007B

General Physics (Active)

PHY 007C

General Physics (Active)

PHY 009A

Classical Physics (Active)

PHY 009B

Classical Physics (Active)

PHY 009C

Classical Physics (Active)

Geochemistry/Petrology Option:

21-24

Choose one:

3-6

CHE 002C

General Chemistry (Active)

GEL 132

Introductory Inorganic Geochemistry (Active)

HYD 134

Aqueous Geochemistry (Active)

STA 032

Gateway to Statistical Data Science (Active)

STA 100

Applied Statistics for Biological Sciences (Active)

MAT 021D

Vector Analysis (Active)

PHY 009A

Classical Physics (Active)

PHY 009B

Classical Physics (Active)

Quantitative/Geophysics option:

MAT 021D

Vector Analysis (Active)

MAT 022A

Linear Algebra (Active)

PHY 009A

Classical Physics (Active)

PHY 009B

Classical Physics (Active)

PHY 009C

Classical Physics (Active)

Depth Subject Matter

Units: 52

GEL 101

Structural Geology (Active)

GEL 101L

Structural Geology Lab (Active)

GEL 103

Field Geology (Active)

GEL 105

Earth Materials: Igneous Rocks (Active)

GEL 106

Earth Materials: Metamorphic Rocks (Active)

GEL 107

Earth History: Paleobiology (Active)

GEL 107L

Earth History: Paleobiology Laboratory (Active)

GEL 108

Earth History: Paleoclimates (Active)

GEL 109

Earth History: Sediments and Strata (Active)

GEL 109L

Earth History: Sediments and Strata Laboratory (Active)

GEL 110

Summer Field Geology (Active)

Choose additional upper division electives from GEL 130-194 courses (only one of GEL/EDU 181 or GEL/EDU 183 or 185A or 185B or 186 may be applied toward elective credit), HYD 144, 146 and related fields approved in advance by major adviser. No more than three units upper division elective credit for GEL 115-120 courses. Maximum of six units upper division elective credit for GEL 192 or 194A-194B or 194HA-194HB.

Total: 108-114

(College of Letters and Science)

Michael E. Oskin, Ph.D., Chairperson of the Department

David A. Osleger, Ph.D., Vice-Chairperson, Undergraduate Program

Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, Ph.D., Vice-Chairperson, Graduate Program

Department Office: Earth and Planetary Sciences; 2119 Earth and Physical Sciences; 530-752-0350; http://geology.ucdavis.edu/students/grad

Faculty: http://geology.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/index.php

The Earth and Planetary Sciences department offers programs of study and research leading to the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Geology. For more information, see http://geology.ucdavis.edu/students/grad.

Graduate Advisors. M.L. Billen, E.S. Cowgill, S. Mukhopadhyay, D.Y. Sumner

(College of Letters and Science)

Michael E. Oskin, Ph.D., Chairperson of the Department

David A. Osleger, Ph.D., Vice-Chairperson, Undergraduate Program

Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, Ph.D., Vice-Chairperson, Graduate Program

Department Office: Earth and Planetary Sciences; 2119 Earth and Physical Sciences; 530-752-0350; http://geology.ucdavis.edu/students/grad

Faculty: http://geology.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/index.php

The Earth and Planetary Sciences department offers programs of study and research leading to the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Geology. For more information, see http://geology.ucdavis.edu/students/grad.

Graduate Advisors. M.L. Billen, E.S. Cowgill, S. Mukhopadhyay, D.Y. Sumner

(College of Letters and Science)

Michael E. Oskin, Ph.D., Chairperson of the Department

David A. Osleger, Ph.D., Vice-Chairperson of the Department

Department Office. 2119 Earth and Physical Sciences Building: 530-752-0350; http://www.geology.ucdavis.edu

Faculty: http://geology.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/index.php

Students majoring in Geology can acquire a minor in the related fields of Oceanography, Geophysics or Environmental Geology.

Minor Advisors. J.M. McClain, R. Motani; except Paleobiology emphasis: R. Motani, G. Vermeij

Geology

Units: 19-24

Choose one of the four emphases, below:

General Geology Emphasis

19-20

GEL 050

Physical Geology (Active)

GEL 001

The Earth (Active)

GEL 050L

Physical Geology Laboratory (Active)

GEL 101

Structural Geology (Active)

GEL 107

Earth History: Paleobiology (Active)

GEL 108

Earth History: Paleoclimates (Active)

GEL 109

Earth History: Sediments and Strata (Active)

GEL 116N

Oceanography (Active)

GEL 134

Environmental Geology and Land Use Planning (Active)

Engineering Geology Emphasis

19-24

GEL 050

Physical Geology (Active)

GEL 050L

Physical Geology Laboratory (Active)

ECI 171

Soil Mechanics (Active)

ECI 171L

Soil Mechanics Laboratory (Active)

Choose three:

9-14

GEL 134

Environmental Geology and Land Use Planning (Active)

GEL 161

Geophysical Field Methods (Active)

GEL 162

Geophysics of the Solid Earth (Active)

HYD 103N

Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals (Active)

HYD 144

Groundwater Hydrology (Active)

HYD 146

Hydrogeology and Contaminant Transport (Active)

SSC 118

Soils in Land Use and the Environment (Active)

SSC 120

Soil Genesis, Morphology, and Classification (Active)

Geochemistry Emphasis

21-24

GEL 060

Earth Materials: Introduction (Active)

GEL 146

Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry (Active)

GEL 148

Stable Isotopes and Geochemical Tracers (Active)

CHE 110A

Physical Chemistry: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (Active)

CHE 110B

Physical Chemistry: Properties of Atoms and Molecules (Active)

Choose two electives:

6-9

CHE 110C

Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics, Equilibria and Kinetics (Active)

GEL 108

Earth History: Paleoclimates (Active)

GEL 146

Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry (Active)

GEL 148

Stable Isotopes and Geochemical Tracers (Active)

HYD 134

Aqueous Geochemistry (Active)

SSC 102

Environmental Soil Chemistry (Active)

Chemistry 110C and Materials Science and Engineering 134 cannot both be counted toward the minor.

Paleobiology Emphasis

GEL 107

Earth History: Paleobiology (Active)

GEL 107L

Earth History: Paleobiology Laboratory (Active)

GEL 108

Earth History: Paleoclimates (Active)

GEL 141

Evolutionary History of Vertebrates (Active)

GEL 144

Historical Ecology (Active)

Choose at least nine units:

ANT 151

Primate Evolution (Active)

ANT 152

Human Evolution (Active)

EVE 100

Introduction to Evolution (Active)

EVE 101

Introduction to Ecology (Active)

EVE 102

Population and Quantitative Genetics (Active)

EVE 105

Phylogenetic Analysis of Vertebrate Structure (Active)

EVE 112

Biology of Invertebrates (Active)

EVE 112L

Biology of Invertebrates Laboratory (Active)

EVE 140

Paleobotany (Active)

EVE 149

Evolution of Ecological Systems (Active)

GEL 109

Earth History: Sediments and Strata (Active)

GEL 150C

Biological Oceanography (Active)

Total: 19-24

Courses in GEL:

GEL 001—The Earth (4) Review all entries Historical

Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Intoduction to the study of the Earth. Earth's physical and chemical structure; internal and surface processes that mold the Earth; geological hazards and resources. Not open for credit to students who have taken GEL 050; only 2 credits for students who have taken GEL 002. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL, WE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 001—The Earth (4) Review all entries Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Introduction to the study of the Earth. Earth's physical and chemical structure; internal and surface processes that mold the Earth; geological hazards and resources. Not open for credit to students who have taken GEL 050; only 2 credits for students who have taken GEL 002. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2019 Winter Quarter.

GEL 002—Earth System Science (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Solid and fluid earth and its place in the solar system. How the solid earth interacts with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and extraterrestrial environment. Only 2 units credit for students who have taken GEL 050; only 2 units credit for students who have taken GEL 001. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2017 Winter Quarter.

GEL 002G—The Blue Planet: Introduction to Earth Science - Discussion (1) Review all entries Historical

Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 002 (can be concurrent); GEL 002 required concurrently. Small group discussion and preparation of short papers for course 2. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 002G—Earth System Science Discussion (1) Review all entries Active

Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 002 (can be concurrent); GEL 002 required concurrently. Small group discussion and preparation of short papers for GEL 002. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2018 Fall Quarter.

GEL 003—History of Life (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 001 recommended. The history of life during the three and onehalf billion years from its origin to the present day. Origin of life and processes of evolution; how to visualize and understand living organisms from their fossil remains. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 003G—History of Life: Discussion (1) Active

Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 003 (can be concurrent); GEL 003 required concurrently. Small group discussion and preparation of short papers for course 3. GE credit with concurrent enrollment in course 3: Wrt. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, WE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 003L—History of Life Laboratory (1) Active

Laboratory—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 003 (can be concurrent); GEL 003 required concurrently. Exercises in understanding fossils as the clues to interpreting ancient life, including their functional morphology, paleoecology, and evolution. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 004—Evolution: Science and World View (3) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Introduction to biological evolution. Emphasis on historical development, major lines of evidence and causes of evolution; relationships between evolution and Earth history; the impact of evolutionary thought on other disciplines. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL, WE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 009—Geology Field Experience (1) Active

Fieldwork—1 session(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. At least one previous GEL class, or concurrent enrollment. Pass One open to non-Geology Majors only. Exposure to geologic features and earth processes in the field. Experiential instruction in earth-science concepts, spatial visualization, landscape evolution, deep time, critical thinking skills, and integrative scientific themes. One 4-5 day field trip. May be repeated up to 1 Time(s) when field trip destination differs. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2018 Fall Quarter.

GEL 010—Modern and Ancient Global Environmental Change (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Fundamental scientific concepts underlying issues such as global warming, pollution, and the future of nonsustainable resources presented in the context of anthropogenic processes as well as natural forcing of paleoenvironmental change throughout Earth's history. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL, VL. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 012—Evolution and Paleobiology of Dinosaurs (2) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s). Introduction to evolutionary biology, paleobiology, ecology and paleoecology, using dinosaurs as case studies. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 016—The Oceans (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Introductory survey of the marine environment. Oceanic physical phenomena, chemical constituents and chemistry of water, geological history, the seas biota and human utilization of marine resources Not open for credit to students who have taken GEL 116. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 016G—The Oceans: Discussion (2) Active

Discussion/Laboratory—2 hour(s); Term Paper/Discussion—4 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 016 (can be concurrent). Scientific method applied to discovery of the processes, biota and history of the oceans. Group discussion and preparation of term paper. Not open for credit to students who have taken GEL 116G. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, WE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 017—Earthquakes and Other Earth Hazards (2) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s). Impact of earthquakes, tsunami, volcanoes, landslides, and floods on humans, structures, and the environment. Discussion of the causes and effects of disasters and catastrophes, and on prediction, preparation, and mitigation of natural hazards. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 018—Energy and the Environment (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Conventional and alternative energy resources and their environmental impacts. Basic principles, historical development, current advantages and disadvantages, future prospects. Oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, geothermal, water, tidal, solar, hydrogen, and other sources of energy for the 21st century. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL, WE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 018V—Energy and the Environment (3) Active

Web Virtual Lecture—1.5 hour(s); Web Electronic Discussion—1.5 hour(s). Conventional and alternative energy resources and their environmental impacts. Basic principles, historical development, current advantages and disadvantages, future prospects. Oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, geothermal, water, tidal, solar, hydrogen, and other sources of energy for the 21st century. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL, WE. Effective: 2015 Winter Quarter.

GEL 020—Geology of California (2) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s). The geologic history of California, the origin of rocks and the environments in which they were formed, the structure of the rocks and the interpretation of their structural history, mineral resources, and appreciation of the California landscape. Offered in alternate years. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL, VL. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 025—Geology of National Parks (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Appreciation of the geologic framework underlying the inherent beauty of U.S. National Parks. Relationship of individual parks to geologic processes such as mountain building, volcanism, stream erosion, glacial action and landscape evolution. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL, VL. Effective: 2014 Winter Quarter.

GEL 025V—Geology of National Parks (3) Active

Web Virtual Lecture—1 hour(s); Web Electronic Discussion—2 hour(s). Appreciation of the geologic framework underlying the inherent beauty of U.S. National Parks. Relationship of individual parks to geologic processes such as mountain building, volcanism, stream erosion, glacial action and landscape evolution. No credit for students who have completed GEL 025. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2015 Spring Quarter.

GEL 028—Astrobiology (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Origin, evolution and distribution of life in our solar system and the Universe. Detecting habitable worlds, Drake equations, necessities and raw materials for life, philosophical implications of the search for life elsewhere. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 030—Fractals, Chaos and Complexity (3) Active

Lecture/Discussion—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): MAT 016A or MAT 021A. Modern ideas about the unifying ideas of fractal geometry, chaos and complexity. Basic theory and applications with examples from physics, earth sciences, mathematics, population dynamics, ecology, history, economics, biology, computer science, art and architecture. Offered in alternate years. (Same course as PHY 030.) (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 032—Volcanoes (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Role of eruptions, and eruptive products of volcanoes in shaping the planet's surface, influencing its environment, and providing essential human resources. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 035—Rivers (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Introduction to geomorphology, climate and geology of rivers and watersheds, with case examples from California. Assessment of impacts of logging, agriculture, mining, urbanization and water supply on river processes. Optional river field trips. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 036—The Solar System (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Nature of the sun, moon, and planets as determined by recent manned and unmanned exploration of the solar system.Comparison of terrestrial, lunar, and planetary geological processes. Search for life on other planets. Origin and evolution of the solar system. (Former course 113-113G.) (Letter.) GE credit: SE, VL, WE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 050—Physical Geology (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): High school physics and chemistry. The Earth, its materials, its internal and external processes, its development through time by sea-floor spreading and global plate tectonics. Students with credit for GEL 001 or the equivalent may receive only 2 units for GEL 050. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 050L—Physical Geology Laboratory (2) Active

Laboratory—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 050 (can be concurrent). Introduction to classification and recognition of minerals and rocks and to interpretation of topographic and geologic maps and aerial photographs. Students with credit for GEL 001L or the equivalent may receive only 1 unit for GEL 050L. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 056—Introduction to Geophysics (4) Active

Lecture/Discussion—3 hour(s); Laboratory—2 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): (GEL 001 or GEL 050); (PHY 007B or PHY 009B). Introduction to geophysical topics essential to all aspects of Earth and planetary sciences: theory of plate tectonics, gravitational field of planets, diffusion, rheology, seismology, and earthquakes. (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE, VL. Effective: 2019 Spring Quarter.

GEL 060—Earth Materials: Introduction (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): CHE 002A; (MAT 016A or MAT 017A or MAT 021A); (GEL 001 or GEL 050, GEL 050L). Physical and chemical properties of rocks, minerals and other earth materials; structure and composition of rock-forming minerals; formation of minerals by precipitation from silicate liquids and aqueous fluids and by solid state transformations. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 062—Optical Mineralogy (2) Active

Lecture—1 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 060 (can be concurrent). Optical properties of inorganic crystals; techniques of mineral identification using the polarizing microscope; strategies for studying rocks in thin section. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, VL. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 081—Learning in Science and Mathematics (2) Active

Lecture/Discussion—2 hour(s); Fieldwork—2 hour(s). Limited to 26 students per section. Exploration of how students learn and develop understanding in science and mathematics classrooms. Introduction to case studies and interview techniques and their use in K-6 classrooms to illuminate factors that affect student learning. (Same course as EDU 081.) (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SS, VL, WE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 092—Internship (1-12) Active

Internship—3-36 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Lower division standing. Work-learn experience on and off campus in all subject areas offered by the department. Internships supervised by a member of the faculty. May be repeated up to 12 Unit(s). (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 098—Directed Group Study (1-5) Active

Variable—3-15 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Directed group study. May be repeated up to 3 Time(s) content changes. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 099—Special Study for Undergraduates (1-5) Active

Variable. Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Lower division standing. Special study for undergraduates. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 101—Structural Geology (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 050; GEL 050L; (PHY 007A or PHY 009A); (MAT 016A or MAT 017A or MAT 021A); Consent of Instructor. Class size limited to 35 students. Study of processes and products of rock deformation. Introduction to structural geology through a survey of the features and geometries of faults and folds, techniques of strain analysis, and continuum mechanics of rock deformation. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 101L—Structural Geology Lab (2) Active

Laboratory—6 hour(s); Fieldwork—2 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 050; GEL 050L; (PHY 007A or PHY 009A); GEL 101 (can be concurrent); Consent of Instructor. Class size limited to 15 students per session. Laboratory study of the processes and products of rock deformation. Introduction to the practice of structural geology through observations and analysis of rock deformation, including field measurement techniques and geologic mapping. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, VL. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 103—Field Geology (3) Active

Fieldwork; Laboratory. Prerequisite(s): GEL 101L; GEL 101; Consent of Instructor. Field mapping projects and writing geological reports. Weekly classroom meetings devoted to preparation of maps, cross sections, stratigraphic sections, rock descriptions, and reports. Seven-eight days on weekends during quarter. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, VL, WE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 105—Earth Materials: Igneous Rocks (4) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s); Laboratory—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 060; GEL 062; (MAT 016A or MAT 017A or MAT 021A); CHE 002B (can be concurrent). Origin and occurrence of igneous rocks. Laboratory exercises emphasize the study of these rocks in hand specimen and thin section. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, WE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 106—Earth Materials: Metamorphic Rocks (4) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s); Laboratory—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 105. Physical and chemical properties of metamorphic rocks; interpretation of metamorphic environments. Laboratory exercises emphasize the study of these rocks in hand specimen and thin section. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, WE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 107—Earth History: Paleobiology (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 003 or BIS 002A or BIS 010. Evolution and ecological structure of the biosphere from the origin of life to the present. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 107L—Earth History: Paleobiology Laboratory (2) Active

Laboratory—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): (GEL 003, GEL 003L) or BIS 002B; GEL 107 (can be concurrent). Exercises in determining the ecological functions and evolution of individuals, populations, and communities of fossil organisms in field and laboratory. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 108—Earth History: Paleoclimates (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): (GEL 001 or GEL 050 or GEL 116N or ESP 116N); CHE 002A; Consent of Instructor. Geological and environmental factors controlling climate change, the greenhouse effect with a detailed analysis of the history of Earth's climate fluctuations over the last 600 million years. Past and present climate records are used to examine potential future climatic scenarios. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL, WE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 109—Earth History: Sediments and Strata (2) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 050; GEL 050L. Principles of stratigraphic and sedimentologic analysis. Evaluation of historical and modern global changes in sedimentation within terrestrial and marine environments. Examination of the plate tectonic, climatic and oceanographic factors controlling the distribution and exploitation of economic fluids within sedimentary rocks. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 109L—Earth History: Sediments and Strata Laboratory (2) Active

Laboratory—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 109 (can be concurrent). Methods of stratigraphic and sedimentologic analysis of modern and ancient sediments. Identification of major sediment and sedimentary rock types. Outcrop and subsurface analysis of sedimentary basins. GE credit with concurrent enrollment in course 109. Includes four one-day field trips. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, WE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 110—Summer Field Geology (8) Active

Fieldwork. Prerequisite(s): GEL 060; GEL 103; GEL 109; GEL 105 recommended. Advanced application of geologic and geophysical field methods to the study of rocks. Includes development and interpretation of geologic maps and cross sections; gravity, magnetic, electrical resistivity and seismic surveys; and field analysis of plutonic and volcanic rock suites. Eight hours/day, six days/week for six weeks. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, VL, WE. Effective: 2017 Spring Quarter.

GEL 115—Earth Science, History, and People (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 001 or GEL 050. Study of interplay between the Earth and its human inhabitants through history, including consideration of acute events such as earthquakes and eruptions as well as the geology of resources, topography, and water. (Letter.) GE credit: OL, SE, WE. Effective: 2017 Winter Quarter.

GEL 116N—Oceanography (3) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s); Fieldwork. Prerequisite(s): GEL 001 or GEL 002 or GEL 016 or GEL 050. Advanced oceanographic topics: Chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes; research methods and data analysis; marine resources, anthropogenic impacts, and climate change; integrated earth/ocean/atmosphere systems; weekly lab and one weekend field trip. (Same course as ESP 116N.) (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2017 Winter Quarter.

GEL 120—Origins: From the Big Bang to Today (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Limited enrollment. Long-term and large-scale perspectives on the origins of the universe, stars and planets, life, human evolution, the rise of civilization and the modern world. Multi-disciplinary approach to ‘Big History’ involving cosmology, astronomy, geology, climatology, biology, anthropology, archeology and traditional history. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 130—Non-Renewable Natural Resources (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 001 or GEL 050. Origin, occurrence, and distribution of non-renewable resources, including metallic, nonmetallic, and energy-producing materials. Problems of discovery, production, and management. Estimations and limitations of reserves, and their sociological, political, and economic effects. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 131—Risk: Natural Hazards and Related Phenomena (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Risk, prediction, prevention and response for earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods, storms, fires, impacts, global warming. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 132—Introductory Inorganic Geochemistry (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 060 (can be concurrent); CHE 002B. Nucleosynthesis of chemical elements, physical and chemical properties of elements, ionic substitution, elemental partition, distribution and transport among planetary materials, basic thermodynamics and phase diagrams, isotopic geochronometers, stable isotope fractionation, mixing and dilution, advection and diffusion, geochemical cycles. (Letter.) Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 134—Environmental Geology and Land Use Planning (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 001 or GEL 050; Consent of Instructor. One course in Geology. Geologic aspects of land use and development planning. Geologic problems concerning volcanic and earthquake hazards, land stability, floods, erosion, coastal hazards, non-renewable resource extraction, waste disposal, water resources. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, WE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 136—Ecogeomorphology of Rivers and Streams (5) Active

Lecture—1 hour(s); Discussion/Laboratory—2 hour(s); Fieldwork; Term Paper. Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Upper division or graduate standing in any physical science, biological science, or engineering. Restricted to advanced students in the physical sciences, biological sciences, or engineering. Integrative multidisciplinary field analysis of streams. Class project examines hydrology, geomorphology, water quality and aquatic and riparian ecology of degraded and pristine stream systems. Includes cooperative two-week field survey in remote wilderness settings with students from diverse scientific backgrounds. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, WE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 138—Introductory Volcanology (4) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s); Fieldwork—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 060; GEL 109; Consent of Instructor. Principles of physical and chemical volcanology. Taught in a volcanically active setting (e.g., Hawaii) with a strong field component. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 139—Rivers: Form, Function and Management (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Fieldwork—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 050 or GEL 050L; MAT 016B or 021B recommended. Analysis of river form and processes, emphasis on fluvial geomorphology, and river and stream restoration; case studies to illustrate concepts and applications. Two weekend field trips required. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 140—Introduction to Process Geomorphology (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): (GEL 001 or GEL 050); (MAT 016B or MAT 021B). Quantitative description and interpretation of landscapes with emphasis on the relationships between physical processes, mass conservation, and landform evolution. Topics covered include physical and chemical weathering, hillslopes, debris flows, fluvial systems, alluvial fans, pedogenesis, eolian transport, glaciation and Quaternary geochronology. (Letter.) Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 141—Evolutionary History of Vertebrates (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 003 or BIS 002A. Evolutionary history of vertebrates; fossil record and phylogeny; timing of major evolutionary events; appearance of major vertebrate groups; physical constraints in vertebrate evolution; paleobiogeography of vertebrates; effect of continental movement on vertebrate evolution; dinosaurs and other strange vertebrates. Offered in alternate years. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 141L—Evolutionary History of Vertebrates Laboratory (1) Active

Laboratory—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 141 (can be concurrent). Augments lecture course 141 through handling of specimens enabling in-person examination of three dimensional features observed in vertebrate skeletons, both fossil and living. Offered in alternate years. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 142—Basin Analysis (3) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 050; GEL 050L; GEL 109. Analysis of sedimentary basins from initiation to maturity, including controls on sedimentary fill, subsidence analysis, sequence stratigraphy, core logs, and applications to petroleum exploration and hydrology. One two-day field trip. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, VL. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 143—Advanced Igneous Petrology (5) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Laboratory—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 105; (MAT 016C or MAT 021C); CHE 002C. Physical and chemical properties of magmatic environments and processes of igneous rock formation. Laboratory study of representative igneous rocks. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 144—Historical Ecology (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Upper division course in environmental science or ecology, or an introductory course in paleobiology. Ancient ecosystems and the factors that caused them to change. Species, expansion, evolution of new modes of life, geologically induced variations in resource supply, and extinction provide historical perspective on the biosphere of future. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, WE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 145—Advanced Metamorphic Petrology (5) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Laboratory—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 106; (HYD 134 or CHE 002C); (MAT 016C or MAT 021C). Metamorphic processes and the origin of metamorphic rocks. Laboratory study of representative rock suites. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 146—Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): CHE 002C; PHY 007C; MAT 016C. Basic principles of nuclear chemistry and physics applied to geology to determine the ages of terrestrial rocks, meteorites, archeological objects, age of the Earth, to trace geological/environmental processes, and explain formation of the chemical elements in the Universe. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 147—Geology of Ore Deposits (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): (CHE 002C or HYD 134); GEL 060; GEL 062; GEL 105. Tectonic, lithologic and geochemical setting of major metallic ore deposit types emphasizing ore deposit genesis, water/rock interaction and the environmental effects of mining. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 148—Stable Isotopes and Geochemical Tracers (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): (CHE 002C or HYD 134); GEL 050; GEL 050L; GEL 060. Use of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in defining hydrologic processes; carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotopes as indicators of exchange between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Radiogenic, cosmogenic, and noble gas isotope tracers. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 149—Geothermal Systems (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Fieldwork. Prerequisite(s): GEL 050; GEL 050L; CHE 002B. Geology, geochemistry, and geophysics of geothermal systems, including electrical power generation and direct use applications. Includes one day field trip on a weekend during the quarter. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 150A—Physical and Chemical Oceanography (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): (ESP 116N or GEL 116N); PHY 009B; MAT 021D; CHE 002C; and Consent of Instructor. Physical and chemical properties of seawater, fluid dynamics, air-sea interaction, currents, waves, tides, mixing, major oceanic geochemical cycles. (Same course as ESO 150A.) (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE. Effective: 2017 Winter Quarter.

GEL 150B—Geological Oceanography (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 050 or (GEL 116N or ESP 116N). Introduction to the origin and geologic evolution of ocean basins. Composition and structure of oceanic crust; marine volcanism; and deposition of marine sediments. Interpretation of geologic history of the ocean floor in terms of sea-floor spreading theory. (Same course as ESP 150B.) (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2017 Winter Quarter.

GEL 150C—Biological Oceanography (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s); Fieldwork. Prerequisite(s): BIS 002A; Consent of Instructor. A course in general ecology. Ecology of major marine habitats, including intertidal, shelf benthic, deep-sea and plankton communities. Existing knowledge and contemporary issues in research. Segment devoted to human use. One weekend field trip required. (Same course as ESP 150C.) (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2017 Winter Quarter.

GEL 152—Paleobiology of Protista (4) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s); Laboratory—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 107 or BIS 002A; Consent of Instructor. Morphology, systematics, evolution, and ecology of single-celled organisms that are preserved in the fossil record. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 156—Hydrogeology and Contaminant Transport (5) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s); Term Paper—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): HYD 145; ECI 144; Or equivalent of ECI 144. Physical and chemical processes affecting groundwater flow and contaminant transport, with emphasis on realistic hydrogeologic systems. Groundwater geology and chemistry. Fundamentals of groundwater flow and transport analysis. Laboratory includes field pumping test and work with physical and computer models. (Same course as HYD 146.) (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 160—Geological Data Analysis (3) Active

Lecture/Discussion—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): MAT 021A. Introduction to quantitative methods in analyzing geological data including basic principles of statistics and probability, error analysis, hypothesis testing, inverse theory, time series analysis and directional data analyses. Use of computer in lectures and homework. (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 161—Geophysical Field Methods (3) Active

Lecture/Discussion—3 hour(s); Term Paper. Prerequisite(s): MAT 021C; (GEL 001 or GEL 050); (PHY 007C or PHY 009C). Geophysical methods applied to determining subsurface structure in tectonics, hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, hydrocarbon and mineral exploration. Theory, survey design and interpretation of gravity, electrical resistivity, electromagnetic, reflection and refraction seismology, and ground-penetrating radar measurements. (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 162—Geophysics of the Solid Earth (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): MAT 021C; (PHY 007C or PHY 009C); Consent of Instructor. Theory and use of physics in the study of the solid earth. Gravity, magnetism, paleomagnetism, and heat flow. Application to the interpretation of the regional and large-scale structure of the earth and to plate tectonics. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 163—Planetary Geology and Geophysics (3) Review all entries Historical

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): MAT 021C; (PHY 007C or PHY 009C); (GEL 050 or GEL 036 or AST 010G or AST 010L or AST 010S); Consent of Instructor. Principles of planetary science. Planetary dynamics, including orbital mechanics, tidal interactions and ring dynamics. Theory of planetary interiors, gravitational fields, rotational dynamics. Physics of planetary atmospheres. Geological processes, landforms and their modification. Methods of analysis from Earth-based observations and spacecraft. (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 163—Planetary Geology and Geophysics (3) Review all entries Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): (GEL 001 or GEL 002 or GEL 028 or GEL 036 or GEL 050 or AST 010G or AST 010L or AST 010S or AST 025); (MAT 016A or MAT 017A or MAT 021A); (PHY 007A or PHY 009A); or High School Physics. Principles of planetary science. Planetary dynamics, including orbital mechanics, tidal interactions and ring dynamics. Theory of planetary interiors, gravitational fields, rotational dynamics. Physics of planetary atmospheres. Geological processes, landforms and their modification. Methods of analysis from Earth-based observations and spacecraft. (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE. Effective: 2019 Winter Quarter.

GEL 175— Advanced Field Geology (3) Active

Discussion—3 hour(s); Fieldwork—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Advanced field studies of selected geologic terrains, interpretation and discussion of field observations. Offered irregularly. May be repeated up to 2 Time(s) when instructors varies. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 181—Teaching in Science and Mathematics (2) Active

Lecture/Discussion—2 hour(s); Fieldwork—2 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Major in mathematics, science, or engineering; or completion of a one-year sequence of science or calculus. Class size limited to 40 students per section. Exploration of effective teaching practices based on examination of how middle school students learn math and science. Selected readings, discussion and field experience in middle school classrooms. (Same course as EDU 181.) (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SS, WE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 182—Field Studies in Marine Geochemistry (2-8) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Laboratory—1-3 hour(s); Fieldwork—6-40 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Marine geochemistry with the opportunity of going to sea or into the field on land. Techniques of sea-floor mapping using bottom photography, marine geochemical sampling, and method of data reduction and sample analysis. Analysis of data/samples collected. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 183—Teaching High School Mathematics and Science (3) Review all entries Historical

Lecture/Discussion—2 hour(s); Fieldwork. Prerequisite(s): Major in mathematics, science, or engineering; or consent of instructor with completion of a one-year sequence of science or calculus. Limited to 40 students per section. Exploration and creation of effective teaching practices based on examination of how high school students learn mathematics and science. Field experience in high school classrooms. (Same course as Education 183.) (Letter.) GE credit: OL, SS, WE. Effective: 2017 Fall Quarter.

GEL 183—Teaching High School Mathematics and Science (3) Review all entries Active

Lecture/Discussion—2 hour(s); Fieldwork. Prerequisite(s): Major in mathematics, science, or engineering; or completion of a one-year sequence of science or calculus and consent of the instructor. Limited to 40 students per section. Exploration and creation of effective teaching practices based on examination of how high school students learn mathematics and science. Field experience in high school classrooms. (Same course as EDU 183.) (Letter.) GE credit: OL, SS, WE. Effective: 2018 Fall Quarter.

GEL 185A—Conceptual Integrated Science for Non-Science Majors: The Physical World (2) Active

Lecture—1 hour(s); Discussion/Laboratory—3 hour(s). Conceptual, inquiry-based integrated science course. Topics in the Next Generation Science Standards. Elementary school level teaching practice. Physics, chemistry, and science inquiry. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2017 Winter Quarter.

GEL 185B—Conceptual Integrated Science for Non-Science Majors: Earth System Science (2) Active

Lecture—1 hour(s); Discussion/Laboratory—3 hour(s). Conceptual, inquiry-based integrated science course. Topics in the Next Generation Science Standards. Elementary school level teaching practice. Earth, space and environmental science, and science inquiry. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 186—Facilitating Learning in STEM Classrooms (1) Active

Lecture/Discussion—1 hour(s). STEM Learning Assistant Seminar. Theoretical and practical issues of effective teaching in discussion/labs: student-centered, active, cooperative learning environments, responsive teaching, and differentiated classroom instruction. (Letter.) GE credit: SS. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 190—Seminar in Geology (1) Active

Discussion—1 hour(s); Seminar—1 hour(s). Presentation and discussion of current topics in geology by visiting lecturers, staff, and students. Written abstracts. May be repeated for credit. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Fall Quarter.

GEL 192—Internship in Geology (1-12) Active

Internship. Prerequisite(s): Upper division standing; project approval prior to internship. Supervised work experience in geology. May be repeated for credit for a total of 10 units. May be repeated up to 10 Unit(s). (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 194A—Senior Thesis (3) Active

Variable. Prerequisite(s): Open to Geology majors who have completed 135 units and who do not qualify for the Honors Program. Guided independent study of a selected topic, leading to the writing of a senior thesis. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, WE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 194B—Senior Thesis (3) Active

GEL 194HA—Senior Honors Project (3) Active

Independent Study—9 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Open to Geology majors who have completed 135 units and who qualify for the Honors Program. Guided independent study of a selected topic, leading to the writing of an honors thesis. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, WE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 194HB—Senior Honors Project (3) Active

GEL 198—Directed Group Study (1-5) Active

Variable—3-15 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Senior standing in Geology or consent of instructor. Group study focused on topics in Geology. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2016 Spring Quarter.

GEL 199—Special Study for Advanced Undergraduates (1-5) Active

Variable. Special study for advanced undergraduates. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 205—Advanced Field Stratigraphy (3) Active

Lecture—1 hour(s); Fieldwork—2 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 109; GEL 110; or Consent of Instructor. GEL 206 recommended. Fieldwork over spring break. Application of stratigraphic techniques to research problems. Collection, compilation, and interpretation of field data. Integration of data with models for deposition and interpretations of Earth history. Topics will vary. Offered irregularly. May be repeated for credit. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 206—Stratigraphic Analysis (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 109; GEL 109L; or Consent of Instructor. GEL 144 recommended. Topics in advanced methods of stratigraphic analysis, regional stratigraphy and sedimentation, and sedimentary basin analysis. Emphasis on techniques used to interpret stratigraphic record and on current issues in stratigraphy and sedimentation. Offered irregularly. May be repeated for credit when topic differs. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 214—Active Tectonics (3) Active

Lecture/Discussion—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Active deformation associated with faults, landslides, and volcanoes. Geodetic measurement techniques such as triangulation, trilateration, leveling, Global Positioning System (GPS), and radar interferometry. GPS data acquisition and analysis. Inversion of geodetic data and mechanical models of crustal deformation. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 216—Tectonics (3) Active

Lecture/Discussion—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 101; or Consent of Instructor. Nature and evolution of tectonic features of the Earth. Causes, consequences, and evolution of plate motion, with selected examples from the Earth's deformed belts. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 217—Topics in Geophysics (3) Active

Lecture—1 hour(s); Seminar—2 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Discussion and evaluation of current research in a given area of geophysics. Topic will change from year to year. Offered in alternate years. May be repeated for credit. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 218—Analysis of Structures in Deformed Rocks (3) Active

Seminar—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 100; GEL 100L; GEL 101; GEL 101L; GEL 170; or Consent of Instructor. Recent advances in the understanding and analysis of structures in brittlely and ductilely deformed rocks. Detailed investigation of the characteristics of the structures, models for their formation, and applications to inferring the kinematics of larger scale tectonics. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 219—Fracture and Flow of Rocks (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 100; GEL 101; or Consent of Instructor. Origins of those structures in rocks associated with brittle and ductile deformation. Theoretical analysis, using continuum mechanics, and experimental evidence for the origin of the structures with emphasis on deformational processes in the earth. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 220—Mechanics of Geologic Structures (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): MAT 021C; (PHY 009A; or PHY 005A); GEL 170; or Consent of Instructor; MAT 021D and MAT 022A recommended. Development in tensor notation of the balance laws of continuum mechanics, and constitutive theories of elasticity, viscosity, and plasticity and their application to understanding development of geologic structures such as fractures, faults, dikes, folds, foliations, and boudinage. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 226—Advanced Sedimentary Petrology (3) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 144; or Consent of Instructor. Advanced petrography and geochemistry of sediments and sedimentary rocks. Geochemical, textural and mineralogical evolution of sedimentary rocks reflecting depositional or burial processes. Laboratory work emphasizes thin section study of rocks. Offered irregularly. May be repeated for credit when topic differs. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 227—Stable Isotopes Biogeochemistry (4) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s); Laboratory—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Graduate standing. Discussion and application of stable isotope techniques for scientific research problems. Course emphasizes carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and sulfur isotopes. Laboratory will develop basic skills of cryogenic gas extraction and specific techniques for individual research using stable isotopes. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 228—Topics in Paleoceanography (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 108; GEL 150A; or Consent of Instructor. Critical discussion and review of selected topics in paleoceanography and paleoclimatology relating to the history of the processes controlling and affecting climate change and ocean circulation throughout the geologic record. Topics vary. Offered irregularly. May be repeated for credit. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 230—Geomorphology and River Management (3) Active

Seminar—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 139; Or equivalent; graduate standing. Impacts of management and land use activities on the geomorphology of rivers and streams. Evaluation and use of analytical tools for river assessment. Assessment of river and stream restoration strategies and emerging issues in river management. May be repeated for credit when topic differs. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 232—The Oceans and Climate Change (3) Active

Lecture/Discussion—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Modern climate change and linkages between the ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere-terrestrial climate system. Importance of the ocean in forcing climate change, and the impacts of anthropogenic processes on the ocean. Topics vary. Offered irregularly. May be repeated up to 3 Time(s). (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 235—Surface Processes (3) Active

Seminar—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 050; GEL 050L; GEL 139; MAT 021B or MAT 016B recommended. Recent advances in the analysis of landforms and their evolution. Detailed investigation of the tools used to document surface processes. Evaluation of concepts and processes that govern landscape evolution. Offered irregularly. May be repeated for credit. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 236—Inverse Theory in Geology and Geophysics (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Inversion of data for model parameters. Evaluation of parameter uncertainties. Linear and nonlinear problems for discrete and continuous models. Bakus-Gilbert inversion. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 238—Theoretical Seismology (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Elastodynamic wave equation. Greens functions and source representations. Ray theory. Plane and spherical waves and boundary conditions. Elastic wave propagation in stratified media. (P/F grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 240—Geophysics of the Earth (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): PHY 009B; MAT 022B. Physics of the earth's crust, mantle, and core. Laplace's equation and spherical harmonic expression of gravity and magnetic fields. Elastic wave equation in geologic media. Body and surface seismic waves. Equations of state, thermal structure of the earth. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 241—Geomagnetism (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate standing. Nature and origin of the Earth's magnetic field. Present field and recent secular variation. Spherical harmonic analysis. Paleosecular variation. Polarity transitions and geomagnetic excursions. Statistics of polarity intervals. Dynamo theory. Planetary magnetism. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 242—Paleomagnetism (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate standing. Principles and applications of paleomagnetism. Physical basis of rock and mineral magnetism. Field and laboratory techniques. Instrumentation. Analysis of paleomagnetic data. Statistical methods. Rock magnetic properties. Geological and geophysical applications. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 246—Physical Chemistry of Metamorphic Processes (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 145; CHE 110A; or Consent of Instructor. Physiochemical principles of metamorphic mineral assemblages and methods of interpreting the paragenesis of metamorphic rocks. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 247—Metamorphic Petrology Seminar (3) Active

Seminar—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 145; or Consent of Instructor. GEL 246 recommended. Selected topics in metamorphic petrology (e.g., mass transport processes, tectonic settings, geothermometry, thermal structure of metamorphic belts, regional studies). Offered irregularly. May be repeated for credit. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 250—Advanced Geochemistry Seminar (3) Active

Seminar—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 146; or Consent of Instructor. Critical review of selected topics in geochemistry including: ore genesis, hydrothermal and geothermal fluids, recent and ancient sediments, isotope geology, origin and chemistry of the oceans. Subject varies yearly depending on student interest. May be repeated for credit. May be repeated for credit. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 251—Advanced Topics in Isotope Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry (3) Active

Lecture/Discussion—2 hour(s); Term Paper. Prerequisite(s): Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Astrophysical context on origin of Solar System, synthesis of chemical elements, condensation sequence, star and planet formation, cosmochronology, building blocks of planets, development on planets' layered structure, atmosphere and hydrosphere and the role of comets/asteroids for volatile delivery. Offered irregularly. May be repeated up to 3 Time(s) when topics differs. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 253—Current Topics in Igneous Petrology (3) Active

Seminar—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 143; or Consent of Instructor. Graduate standing in Geology. Topical seminar designed to help graduate students develop and maintain familiarity with current and past literature related to igneous rock petrogenesis. May be repeated for credit when topic differs. May be repeated for credit when topic differs. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 254—Physical Chemistry of Igneous Processes (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): CHE 110A; GEL 143; and Consent of Instructor. GEL 143 or consent of instructor; CHE 110B and CHE 110C recommended. Introduction of modern concepts in chemical thermodynamics and kinetics, and fluid dynamics of magmatic systems for graduate students in petrology. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 255—Experimental Petrology (3) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 143; or Consent of Instructor. Introduction to techniques and methods of design and executing experiments on Earth-forming minerals and rocks. Problems and examples from igneous and metamorphic petrology will be utilized. Offered irregularly. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 260—Paleontology (3) Active

Seminar—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate standing in geology or a biological science. Selected problems in paleontology. Subject to be studied will be decided at an organizational meeting. Offered irregularly. May be repeated for credit when topic differs. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 261—Paleobiology Graduate Seminar 1: Evolutionary aspects (3) Active

Lecture—1 hour(s); Seminar—2 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate standing in Geology or a biological science; qualified undergraduates will be accepted on an exception-only basis. This course will treat one or more of several topics in paleobiology from a phylogenetic perspective, including major patterns in evolution, building the tree of life, extinction and phylogeny, phylogeny of major phyla, and the relation between taxonomy and phylogeny. May be repeated for credit when topic varies. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 262—Paleobiology Graduate Seminar: Methodological aspects (3) Active

Lecture—1 hour(s); Seminar—2 hour(s). One or more major methods used in the study of fossils: Morphometrics and three-dimensional reconstruction of fossils, phylogenetic methodology, the application of geochemical techniques, and electron microscopy. May be repeated up to 4 Time(s) topic varies. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 281N—Instrumental Techniques for Earth Scientists (3) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): MAT 021A; MAT 021B; MAT 021C; ((PHY 007A, PHY 007B, PHY 007C) or (PHY 009A, PHY 009B, PHY 009C)); or Consent of Instructor. Laboratory research techniques for new graduate students in Geology. Demonstration of and exposure to appropriate techniques in research. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 285—Field Studies in Marine Geochemistry (2-8) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Laboratory—1-3 hour(s); Fieldwork—6-40 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Marine geochemistry with the opportunity of going to sea or into the field on land. Techniques of seafloor mapping using bottom photography, marine geochemical sampling, and method of data reduction and sample analysis. Analysis of data/samples collected. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 290—Seminar in Geology (1) Active

Seminar—1 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Presentation and discussion of current topics in geology by visiting lecturers, staff, and students. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 291—Geology of the Sierra Nevada (1) Active

Seminar. Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Short oral presentations by students and faculty concerning results of their past work and plans for future work in the Sierra. A written abstract is required following the format required at professional meetings. Offered irregularly. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 292—River Forum (1) Active

Seminar—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate standing. Review and discussion of latest research and fundamental issues surrounding riverine systems, with emphasis on physical processes. Topics vary. Offered irregularly. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 293—Geologic Event of the Week (1) Active

Seminar—0.5 hour(s); Discussion—0.5 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate standing. Seminar/discussion group to review and discuss recent earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other significant geologic events. The focus is on understanding the available observations, the physical processes behind each event, the geological setting, and societal consequences. Offered irregularly. May be repeated up to 3 Time(s) for up to 3 units. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 294—Structure/Tectonics Forum (1) Active

Seminar—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate student in geology or consent of instructor. Seminar/discussion group to review and discuss latest research in structural geology and tectonics, and on-going research of participants. Topics will vary each quarter depending on the interests of the group. Occasional field trips to areas of current interest. May be repeated for credit when topic differs. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 295—Geophysics Forum (1) Active

Seminar—0.5 hour(s); Discussion—0.5 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 100; GEL 101; or Consent of Instructor. Seminar/discussion group to review and discuss latest research in geophysics, and on-going research of participants. Topics will change each quarter depending on the interests of the group. Offered irregularly. May be repeated for credit when topic differs. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 296—Advanced Problems in Tectonics (3) Active

Seminar—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): GEL 101; and Consent of Instructor. Seminar dealing with current problems in tectonics of selected regions. Topics will change from year to year. Emphasis on study of recent literature. Offered irregularly. May be repeated for credit. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 297—Geophysics Forum (1) Active

Seminar—0.5 hour(s); Discussion—0.5 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate student status in the Geology Department, or consent of instructor. Seminar/discussion group to review and discuss latest research in geophysics, and on-going research of participants. Topics will change each quarter depending on the interests of the group. Offered irregularly. May be repeated up to 3 Time(s). (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 298—Group Study (1-5) Active

Variable. Group study. (Letter.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 299—Research (1-12) Active

Variable. Research. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 390—Methods of Teaching Geology (2) Active

Extensive Writing/Discussion—2 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate student standing in Geology. Introduction to graduate-level writing and undergraduate-level teaching skills in geology. Persuasive (proposal) writing workshop; discussions on campus teaching resources, presenting information, managing classroom dynamics, evaluating student performance. Participation in teaching program required for Ph.D. in Geology. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2014 Spring Quarter.

GEL 391—Ethical Issues in Earth Science (1) Active

Seminar—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate standing in Geology or consent of instructor. Reading and discussion of ethical issues arising in the earth sciences. Topics include scientific misconduct, gender equity in science, authorship of scientific papers, establishing priorities in research, and related issues. Offered irregularly. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.

GEL 396—Teaching Assistant Training Practicum (1-4) Active

Variable. Teaching assistant training. May be repeated for credit. (P/NP grading only.) Effective: 2013 Fall Quarter.