Environmental Toxicology

(College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences)

Robert H. Rice, Ph.D., Chairperson of the Department

Department Office. 4138 Meyer Hall; 530-752-1142; http://etox.ucdavis.edu

Faculty. http://etox.ucdavis.edu/directory/faculty/

(College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences)

Robert H. Rice, Ph.D., Chairperson of the Department

Department Office. 4138 Meyer Hall; 530-752-1142; http://etox.ucdavis.edu

Faculty. http://etox.ucdavis.edu/directory/faculty/

The Major Program

Toxic agents in the environment include pesticides, food additives, industrial waste, and metals as well as chemicals produced by animals, plants, fungi and bacteria. Students in the Environmental Toxicology major learn how toxicants produce adverse effects by understanding their environmental fates and biological activities. They learn about monitoring concentrations and the distribution and persistence of agents found in water, soil, air and foods. Toxicity testing procedures and exposure assessments are used to help evaluate potential for harm to humans and other species. By understanding the cellular targets and biochemical mechanisms of perturbation by toxicants, toxicologists can better estimate adverse effects. Overall, students learn mechanisms by which toxic agents act, their origin and fate and how toxicologists evaluate the risk of adverse effects and balance them against the benefits.

The Program. Preparatory courses in biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics are required to provide fundamental principles that underlie toxicology. Students in the major are expected to understand the environmental fates and biological activities of different classes of toxic substances, and the legislative issues that arise from chemical use. Opportunities are available to develop in-depth understanding in areas of emphasis through selection of electives.

Emphases. Elective course work in many disciplines can complement the required core courses. Providing a framework for selecting restricted electives, the major offers specializations in (1) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Chemistry, (2) Forensic Science and Regulatory Toxicology, and (3) Molecular and Biomedical Toxicology. The first category includes topics in chemical fate, transport and degradation, as well as ecology, wildlife, and aquatic toxicology. The second category includes forensic science, environmental policy and management, and public health. The third category includes pharmacology, biotechnology, medicine, veterinary medicine, and food toxicology. Students are encouraged to select course work from these Emphases and beyond to match their interests.

Internships and Career Alternatives. Occupations that use environmental toxicology include risk assessment, pharmaceutical development, food additive toxicity testing, managing regulatory compliance, residue or forensic analysis, pest control, monitoring and field sampling, industrial hygiene, and environmental health and safety. A substantial proportion of graduates elect to pursue advanced training in graduate or professional schools. Others with the B.S. degree go on to law, medical, pharmacy, or veterinary medical school, as well as to graduate programs in pharmacology, toxicology, agricultural and environmental chemistry, or public health. During undergraduate study, optional internships or research projects are recommended to provide training and work experience to help students pursue future goals.

Major Advisor. Matthew Wood

Advising Center for the major is in 4111 Meyer Hall. Contact the Academic Program Advisor at 530-752-1042.

Preparatory Subject Matter

Units: 72-74

BIS 002A

Introduction to Biology: Essentials of Life on Earth (Active)

BIS 002B

Introduction to Biology: Principles of Ecology and Evolution (Active)

BIS 002C

Introduction to Biology: Biodiversity and the Tree of Life (Active)

CHE 002A

General Chemistry (Active)

CHE 002B

General Chemistry (Active)

CHE 002C

General Chemistry (Active)

CHE 002AH

Honors General Chemistry (Active)

CHE 002BH

Honors General Chemistry (Active)

CHE 002CH

Honors General Chemistry (Active)

CHE 003A

Chemistry for Life Sciences: Determining Structure and Predicting Properties (Active)

CHE 003B

Chemistry for Life Sciences: Predicting and Characterizing Chemical Change (Active)

CHE 003C

Chemistry for Life Sciences: Controlling Processes and Synthetic Pathways (Active)

CHE 118A

Organic Chemistry for Health and Life Sciences (Active)

CHE 118B

Organic Chemistry for Health and Life Sciences (Active)

CHE 118C

Organic Chemistry for Health and Life Sciences (Active)

CHE 128A

Organic Chemistry (Active)

CHE 128B

Organic Chemistry (Active)

CHE 128C

Organic Chemistry (Active)

CHE 129A

Organic Chemistry Laboratory (Active)

CHE 103A

Chemistry for Life Sciences: Determining Organic Structures and Properties (Active)

CHE 103B

Chemistry for Life Sciences: Predicting and Controlling Organic Pathways (Active)

MAT 017A

Calculus for Biology and Medicine (Active)

MAT 017B

Calculus for Biology and Medicine (Active)

MAT 017C

Calculus for Biology and Medicine (Active)

MAT 021A

Calculus (Active)

MAT 021B

Calculus (Active)

MAT 021C

Calculus (Active)

PHY 007A

General Physics (Active)

PHY 007B

General Physics (Active)

PHY 007C

General Physics (Active)

Choose one:

STA 100

Applied Statistics for Biological Sciences (Active)

STA 102

Introduction to Probability Modeling and Statistical Inference (Discontinued)

STA 103

Applied Statistics for Business and Economics (Active)

STA 104

Applied Statistical Methods: Nonparametric Statistics (Active)

STA 106

Applied Statistical Methods: Analysis of Variance (Active)

STA 108

Applied Statistical Methods: Regression Analysis (Active)

Upper Division Writing

Preferably, the course should be taken prior to enrollment in Environmental Toxicology 102B and 103B.

UWP 101

Advanced Composition (Active)

UWP 104A

Writing in the Professions: Business Writing (Active)

UWP 104B

Writing in the Professions: Law (Active)

UWP 104C

Writing in the Professions: Journalism (Active)

UWP 104D

Writing in the Professions: Elementary and Secondary Education (Active)

UWP 104E

Writing in the Professions: Science (Active)

UWP 104F

Writing in the Professions: Health (Active)

UWP 104G (Nonexistent)

UWP 104H (Nonexistent)

UWP 104I

Writing in the Professions: Internships (Active)

Satisfaction of the General Education requirement to include courses selected with advisor's approval to complement the major; courses in agricultural economics, environmental studies, political science, psychology, and sociology are particularly recommended.

Depth Subject Matter

Units: 34-39

BIS 101

Genes and Gene Expression (Active)

BIS 102

Structure and Function of Biomolecules (Active)

BIS 102

Structure and Function of Biomolecules (Active)

BIS 103

Bioenergetics and Metabolism (Active)

ETX 101

Principles of Environmental Toxicology (Active)

ETX 102A

Environmental Fate of Toxicants (Active)

ETX 102B

Quantitative Analysis of Environmental Toxicants (Active)

ETX 103A

Biological Effects of Toxicants (Active)

ETX 103B

Biological Effects of Toxicants: Experimental Approaches (Active)

Choose ETX 127 or two others:

6-10

ETX 104

Environmental and Nutritional Factors in Cellular Regulation and Nutritional Toxicants (Active)

ETX 120

Perspectives in Aquatic Toxicology (Active)

ETX 127

Environmental Stress and Development in Marine Organisms (Active)

ETX 128

Food Toxicology (Active)

ETX 130

The Role and Applications of Toxicology in Modern Industry (Active)

ETX 131

Environmental Toxicology of Air Pollutants (Active)

ETX 135

Health Risk Assessment of Toxicants (Active)

ETX 138

Legal Aspects of Environmental Toxicology (Active)

ETX 146

Exposure and Dose Assessment (Active)

Restricted Electives; 3-4 courses

Units: 12-16

Electives selected for area of Emphasis with faculty advisor's approval with six unit combined maximum of 190, 192, 198, and 199 with advisor approval; see department website for details.

Total: 118-129

(College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences)

Robert H. Rice, Ph.D., Chairperson of the Department

Department Office. 4138 Meyer Hall; 530-752-1142; http://etox.ucdavis.edu

Faculty. http://etox.ucdavis.edu/directory/faculty/

Environmental Toxicology explores the effects of toxicants (both human made and naturally occurring) on the normal biochemical, cellular, and physiological functioning of biological systems. The minor will complement your course of study by enhancing your appreciation of the complexity and resiliency of biological systems when challenged by chemical agents and the fate and impact of chemicals in the environment. The science underlying a variety of current environmental issues is presented.

Minor Advisor. Qi Zhang

Advising Center for the major and minor is in 4111 Meyer Hall. Contact the Academic Program Advisor at 530-752-1042.

Environmental Toxicology

Units: 18-26

ETX 101

Principles of Environmental Toxicology (Active)

ETX 102A

Environmental Fate of Toxicants (Active)

ETX 103A

Biological Effects of Toxicants (Active)

Choose two; six units minimum:

6-14

ETX 104

Environmental and Nutritional Factors in Cellular Regulation and Nutritional Toxicants (Active)

ETX 120

Perspectives in Aquatic Toxicology (Active)

ETX 127

Environmental Stress and Development in Marine Organisms (Active)

ETX 128

Food Toxicology (Active)

ETX 130

The Role and Applications of Toxicology in Modern Industry (Active)

ETX 131

Environmental Toxicology of Air Pollutants (Active)

ETX 135

Health Risk Assessment of Toxicants (Active)

ETX 138

Legal Aspects of Environmental Toxicology (Active)

ETX 146

Exposure and Dose Assessment (Active)

Total: 18-26

Courses in ETX:

ETX 010—Introduction to Environmental Toxicology (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Hazardous substances, their effects on humans and their actions and movement in the environment. Emphasis on substances of current concern. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2000 Fall Quarter.

ETX 020—Introduction to Forensic Science (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Basic principles of forensic science, types of information on which investigations focus, how information is obtained and used in criminal investigations, types of scientific skills required to practice forensic science, guidance on training. Real cases discussed; demonstrations of methods provided. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL, VL. Effective: 2012 Spring Quarter.

ETX 030—Chemical and Drug Use and Abuse (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). An overview of chemical use and abuse in our society. The effects of chemicals (therapeutic drugs, pesticides, food additives, herbal remedies, environmental contaminants, and recreational drugs) on humans and other living systems. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2006 Winter Quarter.

ETX 092—Internship (1-12) Active

Internship—3-36 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Lower division standing. Work experience off and on campus in all subject areas offered in the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Internships supervised by a member of the faculty. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 099—Special Study for Undergraduates (1-5) Active

Variable. Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 101—Principles of Environmental Toxicology (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): (CHE 008B or CHE 118B or CHE 128B); BIS 001A. Principles of toxicology with a focus on environmental, industrial, and natural chemicals. Topics include fate and effects of chemicals in organisms and the environment, air pollutants, insecticides, aquatic toxicology, endocrine disruptors, biomarkers and bioassays, and risk assessment. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, SL. Effective: 2003 Fall Quarter.

ETX 102A—Environmental Fate of Toxicants (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): CHE 008B; CHE 118B; CHE 128B; or Consent of Instructor. Properties of toxic chemicals influencing their distribution and transformations; action of environmental forces affecting toxicant breakdown, movement, and accumulation; sources and occurrence of major classes of environmental toxicants. Not open for credit to students who have completed ETX 112A. (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE, SL, VL, WE. Effective: 2004 Winter Quarter.

ETX 102B—Quantitative Analysis of Environmental Toxicants (5) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): ETX 102A. Sample preparation methods for trace analysis of environmental toxicants. Concept and techniques of advanced analytical instrumentation. Interpretation and use of analytical data. Not open for credit to students who have completed course ETX 112B. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, VL. Effective: 2004 Spring Quarter.

ETX 103A—Biological Effects of Toxicants (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): BIS 102; ETX 101 and NPB 101 recommended. Biological effects of toxic substances in living organisms. Metabolism, cellular and tissue targets, mechanisms of action, and pathological effects. Not open for credit to students who have taken ETX 114A. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2004 Winter Quarter.

ETX 103B—Biological Effects of Toxicants: Experimental Approaches (5) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): ETX 103A. Experimental approaches for assessing the biological effects of toxicants. Not open for credit to students who have taken ETX 114B. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, VL, WE. Effective: 2004 Spring Quarter.

ETX 104—Environmental and Nutritional Factors in Cellular Regulation and Nutritional Toxicants (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): BIS 101; (BIS 103 or ABI 103). Cellular regulation from nutritional/toxicological perspective. Emphasis: role of biofactors on modulation of signal transduction pathways, role of specific organelles in organization/regulation of metabolic transformations, major cofactor functions, principles of pharmacology/toxicology important to understanding nutrient/toxicant metabolism. (Same course as NUT 104.) (Letter.) GE credit: OL, SE, SL. Effective: 2005 Spring Quarter.

ETX 110—Toxic Tragedies and Their Impact on Society (2) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): BIS 010; or Consent of Instructor. Or equivalent; CHE 118A recommended. Examination of toxic tragedies, their origins, consequences, and effects on toxic regulation. (Letter.) GE credit: OL, SE, SL, WE. Effective: 2004 Winter Quarter.

ETX 111—Introduction to Mass Spectrometry (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): CHE 118C. Introduction to mass spectrometry, including ionization techniques, mass analyzers, interpretation of mass spectra, and applications of mass spectrometry. Emphasis on fundamental concepts of mass spectrometry necessary to identify and quantify organic molecules. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2004 Winter Quarter.

ETX 120—Perspectives in Aquatic Toxicology (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): CHE 008B; (CHE 118B or CHE 128B); BIS 001A; or Consent of Instructor. Toxic substances, their fate in marine and freshwater systems, and their effects on aquatic organisms, populations, and ecosystems. Emphasis will be on substances and issues of current concern. (Letter.) GE credit: OL, SE, SL, VL, WE. Effective: 2004 Winter Quarter.

ETX 127—Environmental Stress and Development in Marine Organisms (10) Active

Lecture—4 hour(s); Laboratory—12 hour(s); Discussion—2 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): ETX 101 or BIS 102 or BIS 104; and Consent of Instructor. Or the equivalent; ETX 114A or NUT 114 recommended. Course taught at Bodega Marine Laboratory. Effects of environmental and nutritional stress, including pollutants, on development and function in embryos and larvae of marine organisms. Emphasis on advanced experimental methods. (Same course as NUT 127.) (Letter.) GE credit: OL, QL, SE, SL, VL, WE. Effective: 2002 Summer Session 1.

ETX 128—Food Toxicology (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): BIS 102; BIS 103. Chemistry and biochemistry of toxins occurring in foods, including plant and animal toxins, intentional and unintentional food additives. The assessment of food safety and toxic hazards. (Same course as FST 128.) (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 130—The Role and Applications of Toxicology in Modern Industry (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): ETX 101; ETX 103A recommended. Role of toxicology in industry research and development, human health and environmental protection, hazard and risk evaluations, risk management and communications, product stewardship, and regulatory compliance. Scientific principles and methods of toxicology in chemical, energy, pharmaceutical, pesticide, biotechnology industries. (Letter.) GE credit: OL, SE, SL, VL, WE. Effective: 2008 Spring Quarter.

ETX 131—Environmental Toxicology of Air Pollutants (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): CHE 008B (can be concurrent); Or the equivalent; BIS 102 recommended. Field trip required. Toxicology of air pollutants in the ambient, indoor, and occupational environments. Health effects, sources, environmental fates, pulmonary responses, sampling and analyses, and air-quality criteria and standards. Field trip required. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, VL. Effective: 2003 Fall Quarter.

ETX 135—Health Risk Assessment of Toxicants (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): ETX 101; ETX 114A recommended. Current practices of health risk assessment of environmental chemicals using toxicological principles and their application to regulatory control of these chemicals. (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE, SL, VL. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 138—Legal Aspects of Environmental Toxicology (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. ETX 010 or ETX 101 recommended. Federal and California legislation concerning air and water pollution, pesticide use, food and feed additives, consumer protection, and occupational exposure to toxic substances; roles of federal regulatory agencies; alternatives to government control. (Letter.) GE credit: SE, VL, WE. Effective: 2001 Fall Quarter.

ETX 140—Genes and the Environment (3) Active

Lecture/Discussion—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): BIS 101; Biological Science 101 required or permission of instructor; coursework in genetics and molecular biology and/or environmental toxicology recommended. Evaluation of evidence that human health and disease susceptibility result from complex interactions between genes and the environment. Emphasis on cancer, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological health outcomes assessed by genotoxicity and toxicogenomic methods. (Letter.) Effective: 2015 Fall Quarter.

ETX 146—Exposure and Dose Assessment (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): ETX 112A; ETX 135 recommended. The exposure component of risk assessment; specifically, the presence and/or formation of toxic substances in environmental media, their movement within and between contaminated media, and the contacts of human populations with those media. (Letter.) GE credit: QL, SE, SL, VL. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 190—Seminar (1) Active

Seminar—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Selected topics presented by students, faculty, or outside speakers covering current research and instructional activities within environmental toxicology. Reports and discussion concerning oral and written presentations, literature sources, and career opportunities. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 190C—Research Group Conference (1) Active

Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Weekly conference of advanced research methods and the interpretation of research results. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 190S—Environmental Toxicology Career Seminar (1) Active

Seminar—1 hour(s). Careers in environmental toxicology; discussions with graduates from the Department of Environmental Toxicology and other experts in the field. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 2003 Fall Quarter.

ETX 192—Internship (1-12) Active

Internship—3-36 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Completion of 84 units. Work experience off and on campus in all subject areas offered in the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Internships supervised by a member of the faculty. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 194HA—Honors Research (3) Active

Discussion—1 hour(s); Laboratory—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Senior standing; minimum GPA of 3.250. Specific research project conducted under the supervision of a faculty sponsor. Experience to include experimental design, learning new techniques, data analysis and interpretation of findings. (Letter.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 194HB—Honors Research (3) Active

Discussion—1 hour(s); Laboratory—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Senior standing; minimum GPA of 3.250. Specific research project conducted under the supervision of a faculty sponsor. Experience to include experimental design, learning new techniques, data analysis and interpretation of findings. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 194HC—Honors Research (3) Active

Laboratory—9 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Senior standing, minimum GPA of 3.250. Continuation of course 194HA-194HB. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 197T—Tutoring in Environmental Toxicology (1-5) Active

Variable. Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Advanced standing in Environmental Toxicology, a related major, or the equivalent experience. Teaching toxicology including conducting discussion groups for regular departmental courses under direct guidance of staff. May be repeated up to 5 Unit(s). (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 198—Directed Group Study (1-5) Active

Variable. Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 199—Special Study for Advanced Undergraduates (1-5) Active

Variable. (P/NP grading only.) GE credit: SE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 203—Environmental Toxicants (4) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): CHE 008B or CHE 128C; and Consent of Instructor. Or the equivalent of CHE 128C. Toxic chemicals: selected topics illustrating their occurrence, structure, and the reactions underlying detection, toxicity, fate, and ecological importance. (Letter.) Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 214—Mechanisms of Toxic Action (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): BIS 102; BIS 103; and Consent of Instructor. Chemical, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of toxic chemicals. Students are required to write a grant proposal and participate in a grant review panel. (Letter.) Effective: 1999 Spring Quarter.

ETX 220—Analysis of Toxicants (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Coursework in organic chemistry. Principles of microanalysis of toxicants. Theoretical considerations regarding separation, detection and quantitative determination of toxicants using chemical and instrumental techniques. (Same course as FOR 220.) (Letter.) Effective: 2006 Winter Quarter.

ETX 220L—Analysis of Toxicants Laboratory (2) Active

Laboratory—6 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): ETX 220 (can be concurrent); and Consent of Instructor. Laboratory techniques for microanalysis of toxicants. Separation, detection, and quantitative determination of toxicants using chemical and instrumental methods. (Letter.) Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 228—Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of Toxic Chemicals (3) Active

Lecture—1 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s); Laboratory—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): ETX 220; CHE 129C; and Consent of Instructor. Application of GC/MS techniques to investigate toxic chemicals. Mass spectral fragmentations and their application to the structural elucidation. Practical application of GC/MS in current research. Preference given to environmental toxicology graduate students. (Letter.) Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 234—Current Topics in Neurotoxicology (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Core courses in one of the following graduate programs: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, Immunology, Molecular Cellular and Integrative Physiology or Neuroscience. Restricted to upper level undergraduate students must obtain permission from the course coordinator. General principles of neurotoxicology, the cell and molecular mechanisms and health impacts of specific neurotoxicants and the contribution of neurotoxic compounds to complex eurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. (Same course as VMB 234 and MCP 234.) (Letter.) Effective: 2010 Fall Quarter.

ETX 240—Ecotoxicology (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): or Consent of Instructor. Elementary course in toxicology and ecology or the equivalent. Principles of toxicology as applied to chemical action on natural populations, communities, and ecosystems. Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics which influence ecotoxic effects, modeling, and field research. Selected case histories are analyzed and presented in class. (Letter.) Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 250—Reproductive Toxicology (3) Active

Lecture—1.5 hour(s); Lecture/Discussion—1.5 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): PTX 203. Application of toxicological principles in reproductive studies. Effects of toxicants on the male, female, and developing embryo/fetus. Critical evaluation of reproductive toxicity studies and development of mechanistic approaches to understanding how chemical exposure can adversely affect reproduction. (Letter.) Effective: 2000 Winter Quarter.

ETX 260—Immunotoxicology (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Undergraduate or graduate introduction to immunology coursework recommended but not required; graduate standing or consent of instructor. Provides students with skills and knowledge for evaluating and applying research on the impact of environmental toxicants on immunological function in human and wildlife populations. (Letter.) Effective: 2005 Fall Quarter.

ETX 270—Toxicology of Pesticides (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): ETX 101; One course each in (a) Organic Chemistry, (b) Biochemistry, (c) Toxicology (ETX 101 or equivalent), or with consent of instructor; graduate standing. Classification and chemical properties of pesticides, their mode of action, metabolism and disposition, pesticide resistance, effects on human health and ecological health and methods of risk benefit analyses. (Letter.) Effective: 2007 Winter Quarter.

ETX 278—Molecular Techniques (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Recombinant DNA technology and its applications. (Same course as FOR 278.) (Letter.) Effective: 2002 Spring Quarter.

ETX 280—Forensic DNA Analysis (3) Active

Lecture—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Coursework in genetics and molecular biology. Graduate standing; consent of instructor required for all students not enrolled in the MS Forensics program. Foundation in theory and practice of forensic DNA analysis; past, present, and emerging technologies; legal and quality assurance issues. DNA extraction, DNA quantitation, multiplex amplification of STR loci, capillary electrophoresis of amplified products, and analysis of STR typing data. (Same course as FOR 280.) (Letter.) Effective: 2003 Spring Quarter.

ETX 281—Principles and Practice of Forensic Serology and DNA Analysis (3) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s); Discussion/Laboratory—3 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): (FOR 278 or ETX 278) or (FOR 280 or ETX 280); Or equivalent; consent of instructor. Restricted to students enrolled in the M.S. in Forensic Science Program or by consent of Forensic Science Program Director. Comprehensive overview of forensic serology and DNA typing techniques and technologies. Strong emphasis on real-world applications, including preservation and tracking of biological evidence, detection and identification of bodily fluids, and methods to extract, quantify, and type human DNA. (Same course as FOR 281.) (Letter.) Effective: 2011 Spring Quarter.

ETX 284—Non-Human Forensic DNA--Theory and Casework Application (2) Active

Lecture—2 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor required for all students not enrolled in the MS Forensics program; upper division Molecular Biology and Genetics or its equivalent. Restricted to graduate standing. Provides a comprehensive understanding of plant and animal forensic biology in terms of sample collection, preservation, analytical methods, and of the invaluable lines of inquiry these forensic evidence may permit. (Same course as FOR 284.) (Letter.) Effective: 2010 Fall Quarter.

ETX 290—Seminar (1) Active

Seminar—1 hour(s). Current topics in environmental toxicology. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 290C—Advanced Research Conference (1) Active

Lecture/Discussion—1 hour(s). Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Presentation and critical discussion of advanced research methods and interpretation of research results. Designed primarily for graduate students. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 297T—Tutoring in Environmental Toxicology (1-5) Active

Variable. Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. Graduate standing in Environmental Toxicology, a related major, or the equivalent experience. Teaching toxicology including conducting discussion groups for regular departmental courses under direct guidance of staff. May be repeated up to 5 Unit(s). (S/U grading only.) Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 298—Group Study (1-5) Active

Variable. Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. (Letter.) Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 299—Research (1-12) Active

Variable. Prerequisite(s): Consent of Instructor. (S/U grading only.) Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.

ETX 396—Teaching Assistant Training Practicum (1-4) Active

Variable. May be repeated for credit. (P/NP grading only.) Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.